Among the possible candidates, we focused on LCN2 (also known as NGAL, 24p3, siderocalin or uterocalin), a small, secreted iron-transporting protein, as (i) it has been recently reported that UPR activation is associated with LCN2 overexpression in cancer cells25 and (ii) we previously showed that LCN2 is critically involved in the progressive deterioration of tubules following nephron reduction26. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and cancer.