CTSB and neoplasm: In order to achieve selective tumour localization, an enzyme-responsive peptide, Ac-FKC(StBu)AC(SH)-CBT (Supplementary Fig. 3) containing a side-protected cysteine and 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) was designed for specific reaction with cathepsin B (CtsB), one important lysosomal cysteine protease overexpressed in various malignant tumours to process intracellular protein degradation and regulate cancer pathology37.