Bcl-xL overexpression caused upregulation of TGFβ in BON1-TGL tumour cells in a Bax/Bak-independent manner (Fig. 6c,d), and both TGFβ-neutralizing antibodies and Actinomycin D blocked Bcl-xL-mediated invasion (Fig. 6e). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.