In addition, we analyzed the role of DYRK1B in the regulation of GLI1 expression in pancreatic cancer and Ewing sarcoma cells, where TGFβ/RAS and the EWS-FLI1 oncogene, respectively, control GLI1 expression independent of canonical SMO activity (Figure 3A) [23, 24]. This evidence concerns the gene EWSR1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.