MCP-1, RANTES, and Gro/KC have been implicated in inflammation of the brain in other viral encephalitic diseases, including tick borne encephalitis (TBE), Semliki forest virus (SFV), and West Nile virus (WNV) (Ruzek et al., 2011; Michlmayr et al., 2014). Here, CCL5 is linked to tick-borne encephalitis.