MCP-1, RANTES, and Gro/KC have been implicated in inflammation of the brain in other viral encephalitic diseases, including tick borne encephalitis (TBE), Semliki forest virus (SFV), and West Nile virus (WNV) (Ruzek et al., 2011; Michlmayr et al., 2014). Here, CALCA is linked to tick-borne encephalitis.