In IUGR animal models, skeletal muscle has reduced mass, decreased GLUT4 expression, decreased glycogen content, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, decreased oxidative capacity, and increased lipid accumulation (Selak et al., 2003; Jimenez-Chillaron et al., 2005; Zhu et al., 2006; Raychaudhuri et al., 2008; Huber et al., 2009; Dai et al., 2012; Beauchamp et al., 2015a). Here, INS is linked to fetal growth restriction.