Increasing evidence supports the premise that Ang-II in the PVN is involved in pathological conditions originating from sympathoexcitation, such as hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (Gutkind et al., 1988; Ito et al., 2002; Oliveira-Sales et al., 2009; Braga et al., 2011). The gene discussed is AGT; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.