Our findings also support a role for Wnt7a in the recruitment of a desmoplastic stroma in human tumours, whereby high Wnt7a expression is associated with enhanced CAF activation, TGFβ pathway activation within the CAF compartment and expression of poor-prognosis stromal genes as defined by the Finak et al. 39 SDPP. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.