Importantly, the ability of Wnt7a-activated fibroblasts to promote tumour cell invasion is effectively blocked by the ALK5 inhibitor SB421542 (Fig. 6), further supporting a mechanism in which Wnt7a promotes the functional differentiation of fibroblasts into activated CAFs in a TGFβ signalling-dependent manner. This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR1 and neoplasm.