TNF and acute kidney injury: Moreover, although the expression of KIM-1, a marker of tubular epithelial damage currently used for diagnosis of acute kidney injury in humans51, was not changed (Fig. 7C), we measured significantly elevated TNF-α and IL-6 (Fig. 7B) as well as urea and creatinine (Fig. 7A) levels in the serum of ONX 0914 treated mice.