Previous studies show that overexpression of JNK/P38MAPK can contribute to apoptosis,24, 25, 26, 27 hypertrophy and remodeling,28, 29, 30, 31 and attenuate contractility.32, 33 This could contribute to development of heart failure and this idea is in agreement with our current results. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is heart failure.