PDCD4 and atherosclerosis: Autophagy in atherosclerosis has been extensively investigated with particular focus on vascular SMCs and ECs,39, 40, 41 and in current study bone marrow transplantation is applied to eliminate the effect of autophagy occurring in SMCs and ECs, demonstrating that autophagy in macrophage but not that in SMCs and ECs contributes to the Pdcd4 deficiency-induced attenuation of atherosclerosis.