Conversely, many critical cellular pathways, such as proliferation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), telomerase activity, invasion, metastasis and maintenance of tumor stem cells, are regulated through GLI transcription factors.23, 24, 25, 26, 27 In recent years, a specific and effective GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT61 has been successfully used for the in vitro and in vivo treatment of cancer cells containing either the canonical or non-canonical activation of HH/GLI.28, 29. This evidence concerns the gene GLI1 and neoplasm.