TNF and Alzheimer disease: Activated microglia neurotoxicity has gained a strong foothold in the field of AD research and is a vital contributor to Aβ accumulation because activated microglia can secrete diverse inflammatory molecules, such as IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and free radicals, which are that are all associated with Aβ cascade during the occurrence and progression of AD [43, 44].