These studies showed that more and frequent PSA testing in older men can increase the number of men who undergo prostate biopsy [13], increase their risk of trans-rectal ultrasound [15], increase their likelihood of being diagnosed with low or intermediate risk prostate cancer [12] and increase their odds of receiving prostate cancer treatments - either surgery, radiation or hormonal therapy [12, 13, 15]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate carcinoma.