TLR4 and neoplasm: TLR4 signaling in cancer is considered a double-edged sword: if TLR4 is activated on immune cells, it can enhance anti-tumor immunity, and thus TLR4 could be used as a marker for the detection of a predisposition to a cancer; however, chronic inflammation induced by TLR4 activation is a major risk factor for cancer development [55].TLR4 could be a major player in colon cancer development and impairment inTLR4 signaling in vivo becomes evident through the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).