Analysis of pooled expression data from the three unaffected and the three affected lymphoblastoid cell lines showed that overall p110δ expression and S6 phosphorylation were significantly increased in lymphoblastoid cells from individuals with autism compared to unaffected individuals in this specific family (Fig. 5d, e, paired t tests, (d) t(5) = 4.99, p = 0.004; (e) t(4) = 4.81, p = 0.009). Here, PIK3CD is linked to autism.