Pretreatment of ethanol-injected rats with both omeprazole and manuka honey caused a significant decrease in plasma TNF-α (38% and 28%) (P = 0.000 and 0.000), IL-1β (49% and 50%) (P = 0.000 and 0.000), and IL-6 (45% and 47%) (P = 0.000 and 0.000) as compared to the ulcer-induced rats. Here, TNF is linked to ulcer disease.