TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: The dysregulation of numerous signaling pathways, including the MAPK, P53, sex steroid, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), PI3K/AKT, cytokine, IKK/NF-kB, and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways, has been observed in patients, and these changes are closely related with HBV-HCC development [26].