IL4 and cryptococcosis: Animal models of cryptococcosis demonstrate the microbiological and survival benefits of a T-helper type 1 (Th1) response, characterized by interferon γ (IFN-γ) production and classical macrophage activation, along with the detrimental effects of a Th2 response, characterized by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) production with alternative macrophage activation [9–11].