TJP1 and infection: In response to the reduced HBoV1 infection, the shATM, shATR, and shDNA-PKcs-expressing HAE-ALI showed neither a significant decrease in TEER (Fig 6F), nor an obvious dissociation of the tight junction protein ZO-1, nor a total loss of β-tubulin IV-expressing cilia, which were otherwise observed in infected shScram-applied HAE-ALI (Fig 6G).