PPARA and hydrops fetalis: Down-regulation of specific genes (i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARA aliases PPARα; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha, PPARGC1A aliases PGC-1α) involved in energy metabolism modulation and mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown in several experimental models of HF [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11].