By contrast, this ES-62 treatment had no effect on the levels of splenic CD19−IL-10+ lymphocytes (surrogate for regulatory T cells, particularly Tr1 cells; Fig. 5e), a finding perhaps consistent with the ES-62-mediated restoration of CD19+IL-10+ levels reflecting an increase in the MZ (CD21+CD23±), but not MZP (CD21+CD23+), -like Bregs (Fig. 5f) that have been reported to be involved in the IL-10-, but not regulatory T cell-dependent protection afforded in models of acute OVA-induced AHR following infection with the parasitic trematode worm, Schistosoma mansoni28. The gene discussed is CD19; the disease is infection.