(3) Most important studies that need to be performed to firmly establish the role of bioactive lipids will be to measure the plasma, stool and urinary levels (and if possible colonic concentrations) of anti-inflammatory lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes and various cytokines in subjects who are having acute, chronic and subacute features of IBD. This evidence concerns the gene CD59 and inflammatory bowel disease.