They included measuring axillary temperature with a digital thermometer, collecting peripheral blood by standard finger prick to test for malaria parasites with an RDT for Plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2) and other Plasmodium species (Pan pLDH for Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale) (Paracheck pf in 2009 and SD Bioline Malaria Antigen P.f/Pan in 2011) and assessing Hb level using a blood haemoglobin photometer (HemoCue 201 plus, Ängelholm, Sweden). Here, GSTM1 is linked to malaria.