IFNB1 and infection: Although cleavage of RNA virus genomes appeared as the most direct mechanism of action, other important pathways have become evident, such as the regulation of host gene expression, stimulation of IFNβ production, activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and maintenance of the cell’s structural barrier to infection [27,55,83,84].