MUC1 and gastric cancer: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several SNPs that are significantly associated with high GC risk including: MUC1 rs2070803 G/A and PSCA rs2976392 A/G, associated with an increased risk of diffuse-type GC in a Japanese population (odds ratio (OR)=1.63, P =1.2 × 10−6; OR=1.62, P =1.1 × 10−9) [4]; PLCE1 rs2274223 A/G, associated with a high GC risk in a Chinese population (OR=1.31, P =8.4 × 10−9) [5]; and PRKAA1 rs13361707 T/C, which was associated with an increased risk of non-cardia GC (OR=1.41, P =7.6 × 10−29) [6].