The observation that HIF-1 is expressed by a vast number of different human cancers and their metastases, the anti-proliferative effect of HIF-1 inhibition on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, and the pivotal importance of hypoxia/HIF-1 for chemo- and radioresistance have led to the appreciation of HIF-1 as an attractive target for cancer therapy [7, 10–12]. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is cancer.