Similarly, cagA−/vacA−/babA2+ strains (36.17 ± 1.955 %, n = 3, Fig. 4av, c) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher apoptotic cell death than the triple negative strains (19.33 ± 2.038 %, n = 3, Fig. 4avi, c) after 24 h infection. Here, S100A8 is linked to infection.