CCR5 and HIV infectious disease: This includes targeting the CXCR4 coreceptor232 or PSIP1 gene encoding the LEDGF/p75 protein required for HIV integration.233,234 Some studies have used targeted gene integration into the CCR5 gene by HDR to simultaneously knockout CCR5 and introduce anti-HIV factors.235 Finally, complete excision of the HIV genome from infected cells using nucleases that target sequences in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) flanking the viral genome has also been reported.236 Thus, a variety of next-generation gene-editing strategies for preventing HIV infection and replication are on the horizon.