Histoclinical correlations (Supplementary Table 2) revealed that VANGL2 upregulation is associated with larger tumour size (Fisher's exact test, P=0.009), ER-negative (Fisher's exact test, P<0.001), PR-negative (Fisher's exact test, P<0.001) and ERBB2-negative (Fisher's exact test, P=0.017) immunohistochemistry (IHC) status, triple-negative status (Fisher's exact test, P<0.001) and basal subtype (Fisher's exact test, P<0.001; Fig. 1c), and tends to be associated with higher grade (Fisher's exact test, P=0.067). This evidence concerns the gene VANGL2 and neoplasm.