TREM2 and Alzheimer disease: Further to this, heterozygous mutations in the TREM2 gene have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and FTD [5–9], although a recent study utilizing detailed clinical phenotyping and TREM2 sequencing found that the most disease-associated mutation (R47H) is a risk factor only for AD and not other neurodegenerative diseases [10].