Indeed, the analysis of 16 human ALK+ALCL by double staining for CD30 and the TCRβ chain showed an absence of tumour cells co-expressing both proteins, again suggesting that the presence of a TCR is not compatible with tumour cell survival in the presence of NPM–ALK (Supplementary Fig. 3A). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF8 and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.