We therefore investigated the role of MIF in the inflammation and pathophysiology of COPD by measuring MIF in patients with COPD and by studying the effect of a MIF inhibitor, (S,R)3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1), in our chronic ozone-exposed mouse model of COPD. This evidence concerns the gene MIF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.