MIF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Intracellular/cytoplasmic MIF concentrations were significantly elevated in BAL macrophages isolated from smokers (67.0±6.8ng/ml, p<0.001, 95% CI [21.5, 110.0]) and COPD patients (96.7±6.8ng/ml, p<0.001, 95% CI [63.3, 206.6]) compared to non-smoking controls (10.8±2.1ng/ml, p<0.001, 95% CI [7.6, 15.3], Fig 1C).