Our laboratory has investigated the potential use of CaSm as a therapeutic target and shown that CaSm expression is necessary for cancer formation in mice.16 Furthermore, decreasing CaSm expression in a murine PC model resulted in decreased in vivo tumor formation and increased survival,16, 17 whereas combinatorial antisense CaSm and gemcitabine therapies additively enhanced survival in a subcutaneous PC mouse model.18 In short, CaSm is a promising target for a difficult cancer that has had few new therapies developed in the past decade. This evidence concerns the gene LSM1 and neoplasm.