DAMPs and PAMPs are recognised by pattern recognition receptors on innate immune cells and function as “danger” and “eat me” signals.These promote the maturation of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, and thereby the activation and expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cells in the local tumour-draining lymph nodes (recently reviewed in [21]). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.