Double immunofluorescence study revealed that VHL frequently colocalized with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pi, a marker of oligodendrocytes (Fig. 9g–i, Supplementary Fig. S9), and with phosphorylated TDP-43(Fig. 9j–l,m–o, Supplementary Fig. S9c-f, g-j), verifying their presence predominantly in oligodendrocytes in the ALS spinal cords. This evidence concerns the gene HPGDS and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.