IL18 and asthma: In cases with asthma, IL-10 levels were lower, which suggests that some asthmatic children have deficient IL-10 responses when infected by M. pneumoniae. Seo YH et al reported the levels of interleukin-18 in nasopharyngeal aspirate were significantly higher in patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae who did not respond to macrolide treatment[24].