TGFB1 and Cerebral ischemia: The potential of NCM (freshly collected from the neuronal culture after the GOSD treatment for 6 h), TGFβ1, GDNF and NT-3 in the protection of brain against cerebral ischemia were first evaluated in ischemic S.D. rats, by injecting them directly into the cistern magnum of ischemic brain immediately after the 90 min of CCAO/MCAO and then followed by reperfusion for 24 h.