RBFOX3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This conclusion is supported by three main evidences in the current study: 1) the count of NeuN-positive neurons presenting both normal and atypical morphology did not reveal any difference in total cell number among the four groups indicating absence of neuronal loss 2) we recorded no sign of apoptosis by TUNEL (data not shown), and 3) the middle-age T2D rats showed Calbindin-D28k-positive neurons with diminished neurite arborization and perikaryon size.