Several of these top leading-edge genes are known to activate reprogramming, including FGFR1, which plays a common role in both embryonic and cancer development [23], LCK, whose transcriptional silencing is required for ES cell differentiation [24], and the induced-pluripotency factor SOX2, which reprograms differentiated cells to pluripotency and is upregulated in colon cancer [25]. Here, FGFR1 is linked to colonic neoplasm.