This finding supports previous observations that particle-like structures improve the immunogenicity of recombinant malaria antigens such as P.falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) carried by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) VLP34, P.vivax CSP carried by HBsAg VLP35 or multilamellar vesicles36; and Pfs25-EPA11, Pfs25-OMPC12 and Pfs25-CP VLP13. Here, CP is linked to malaria.