These suggest that both p62 and HIF1α exert either pro- or anti-tumorigenic effects in a cell-type- and -context-dependent manner; further investigation is required to assess the effect of p62-related diverse cascades, such as p62–mTORC1–Myc, p62–NFκB–HIF1α and p62–VHL–HIF2α–Myc, on the progression of cancer. The gene discussed is VHL; the disease is cancer.