INS and metabolic syndrome: In a randomized, controlled study of 38 males with at least one component of metabolic syndrome [127], the daily consumption of 20 g of wine grape pomace flour containing 10 g of dietary fiber, 822 mg of polyphenols for 16 weeks showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in postprandial insulin and fasting glucose levels compared with the baseline, but there were no significant differences in fasting insulin, postprandial glucose, insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin and HOMA–IR between a wine grape pomace flour group and a control group [127].