ENTPD1 and colitis: Here we show that treatment with pharmacologically active reagents, particularly CD39 analogs and P2 × 7 receptor antagonists to decrease extracellular ATP levels or/and block ATP/P2 × 7 receptor signaling, diminishes immune responses in DSS-induced colitis, perhaps indicating that regulation of extracellular ATP levels and ATP/P2 × 7 receptor signaling could be explored as a potential therapeutic target.