In pancreatic cancer cells, PKM2 appears to regulate hypoxia-induced transcriptional activity of both HIF-1α (Fig. 4e) and NF-κB (Fig. 5e) culminating in VEGF transcription and secretion (Figs. 4f-g; 5g-h and Additional file 6: Figure S6A-C). Here, NFKB1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.