ABCB1 and bacterial infectious disease: Repression of miR-451 has been associated to ABCB1 up-regulation, impairing S. Typhimurium ability to invade host cells by reducing adhesion to epithelial cells [66, 67]; on the other hand, ABCB1 down-regulation (as in the present study) is associated with inflammatory reaction (TNF activation) in the gut in response to bacterial infections [66, 68].