TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: This study was designed to determine the effect of TGF-β1 on the expression of TREM-1 in lungs and to explore the transcriptional mechanism at both the organismal and cellular levels, which will provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and therefore the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.