In conclusion, the c-Jun/Fra-1 dimer promotes the proliferation of NB cells, and exposure to HDACIs (TSA, VPA, M344 and SAHA) can effectively suppress c-Jun/Fra-1 expression through the transcriptional upregulation of MKP-1 and downregulation of both MKK7 and Raf-1. Here, RAF1 is linked to neuroblastoma.