A candidate approach led to the identification of the neuronal calcium sensor protein visinin-like protein-1 in CSF, and levels were found to be increased in AD relative to controls and predicted progression from non-demented to mild dementia (35) Similarly, a candidate approach was recently used to identify the dendritic protein neurogranin, which is involved in long-term potentiation and calcium regulation, and is decreased and mislocalized in brain tissue in AD. The gene discussed is NRGN; the disease is dementia.