The pathophysiology of AD is complex and many pathways are involved in the synaptic and cellular degeneration in AD including abnormalies in signaling pathways via glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta or mitogen-activated protein kinases, cell cycle re-enty (reviewed by Majd et al., 2015), oxidative stress (reviewed by Niedzielska et al., 2015), or decreased transport of trophic factors and mitochondrial dysregulation (reviewed by Overk and Masliah, 2014). This evidence concerns the gene GSK3B and Alzheimer disease.